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An assessment of trade protectionism’s impact on domestic industries in Nigeria: Evidence from the Ministry of Trade (2000–2020)

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Background of the Study :

Trade protectionism involves the use of tariffs, quotas, and other measures to shield domestic industries from international competition. In Nigeria, the Ministry of Trade has intermittently adopted protectionist policies between 2000 and 2020 with the aim of nurturing domestic industries and reducing dependency on imports. These policies are intended to create a more level playing field for local manufacturers, stimulate industrial growth, and preserve jobs (Okonkwo, 2023). Research indicates that while protectionism can provide temporary relief for domestic industries, it may also lead to inefficiencies, higher consumer prices, and reduced competitiveness in the long run (Adeniyi, 2024). This study examines the economic impact of trade protectionism on Nigeria’s domestic industries by analyzing key performance indicators such as production output, employment, and export competitiveness. The goal is to assess whether protectionist measures have successfully bolstered domestic industries or if they have inadvertently hampered overall economic performance, and to propose policy recommendations accordingly (Chukwu, 2025).

Statement of the Problem

Despite the implementation of trade protectionist measures, domestic industries in Nigeria continue to face challenges such as inefficiency and reduced global competitiveness. The reliance on protectionism appears to have yielded mixed results, with short-term gains overshadowed by long-term drawbacks. This study seeks to identify the adverse effects of protectionist policies and assess their overall impact on industry performance. Addressing these issues is critical for determining whether a shift toward more liberalized trade policies might better support sustainable industrial growth (Okonkwo, 2023; Adeniyi, 2024).

Objectives of the Study:

1. To assess the impact of trade protectionism on domestic industries.

2. To identify negative consequences of protectionist policies.

3. To recommend policy alternatives that enhance competitiveness.

Research Questions:

1. How does trade protectionism affect domestic industrial performance?

2. What are the long-term effects on competitiveness?

3. What policy measures can mitigate adverse impacts?

Research Hypotheses:

1. H1: Trade protectionism has a negative long-term impact on competitiveness.

2. H2: Protectionist measures increase production inefficiencies.

3. H3: Policy liberalization improves industry performance.

Significance of the Study (100 words):

This study evaluates the impact of trade protectionism on Nigeria’s domestic industries. Its findings will inform policymakers about the long-term effects of protectionist measures and provide a basis for reforming trade policies to enhance competitiveness and sustainable growth (Chukwu, 2025).

Scope and Limitations of the Study:

The study is limited to the analysis of trade policies and their impact on domestic industries in Nigeria from 2000–2020, with limitations due to data variability.

Definitions of Terms:

1. Trade Protectionism: Government measures to shield domestic industries from foreign competition.

2. Domestic Industries: Local manufacturing and production sectors.

3. Ministry of Trade: The government agency responsible for trade policy.

 





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